Benshi mubafite amatungo bagaburira amatungo yabo ibiryo byubucuruzi. Kuberako Ibicuruzwa byamatungo bigurishwa bifite inyungu zimirire yuzuye kandi ikungahaye, Kurya neza nibindi. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya nibirimo Amazi, ibiryo byamatungo birashobora kugabanwa mubiryo byamatungo byumye, ibiryo byamatungo ya Semi-Moist, hamwe nibiryo byamatungo; Ukurikije Imiterere, ibiryo by'amatungo birashobora kugabanwa mubiryo bivanze, ibiryo byoroshye bitose, nibiryo byumye. Rimwe na rimwe, Biragoye Guhindura Imyitwarire Yamatungo, Nubwo Ibiryo bishya bihabwa amatungo biringaniye kandi bihura nibikenewe.
Ibiryo byamatungo yumye Mubisanzwe birimo 10% kugeza 12% Amazi. Ibiryo byumye Harimo kandi ibiryo byifu byifu, ibiryo bya Granule, ibiryo bikabije byo mu butaka, ibiryo bisukuye hamwe nibiryo bitetse, muribyo bikunze kugaragara kandi bizwi cyane bivamo ibiryo byuzuye. Ibiribwa byamatungo byumye bigizwe ahanini nintete, Ibinyampeke-Ibicuruzwa, Soya, Ibikomoka ku nyamaswa, Ibikomoka ku nyamaswa (Harimo Amata-Ibicuruzwa), Ibinure, Vitamine na Minerval. Ibiryo byinjangwe byumye Mubisanzwe. Injangwe ntizifite Mortars, Rero Pellet Yibiryo Yinjangwe igomba kuba ifite ubunini kandi ikagereranywa no gutemwa na incisors aho gusya hamwe na Molars, kandi inzira yo gukuramo ikwiranye neza kugirango yuzuze iki cyifuzo kidasanzwe (Rokey And Huber, 1994) (Nrc 2006).
Ibiryo byumye
01: Ihame ryo Kwaguka
Igikorwa cya Puffing ni Kuvanga Ifu Zinyuranye Ukurikije Imiterere Yabugenewe, Hanyuma Ukore Imiterere ya Steam, hanyuma ukarengerwa munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi nyuma yo gusaza, hanyuma ugapfa gusohoka mu rugereko rwa Extrusion gitunguranye gitemba Ubushyuhe Numuvuduko, Bitera Ibicuruzwa Ibice Kwaguka Byihuse. Kandi Gabanya Mubisabwa Bitatu-Ibipimo Byakoreshejwe na Cutter.
Igikorwa cyo guswera kirashobora kugabanywamo ibishishwa byumye no gutonyanga neza ukurikije umubare wamazi wongeyeho; Ukurikije Ihame Ryakazi, Irashobora Kugabanywa Gukuramo Extrusion na Gas Hot-Press Puffing. Gukuramo no Guswera ni inzira yo gutondekanya no gutondekanya ibikoresho, guhora ukandamizwa bikabije, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko utunguranye, no kwagura amajwi.
Kugeza ubu, Ibyinshi mu biryo byimbwa bigurishwa kumasoko byakozwe no gukabya no guswera. Gukuramo no Gusunika birashobora gutuma ibinyamisogwe mu biryo bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa Gelatinizasi, Kugira ngo Byongere Ubunini Bwuzuye Ibinyamanswa (Mercier And Feillit, 1975) (Nrc 2006).
02: Inzira yo Gukuramo no Guswera
Uburyo bwa sisitemu isanzwe igezweho ya sisitemu nugutegura ifu zitandukanye wongeyeho amavuta namazi kubushyuhe nubushyuhe, kugirango ibikoresho byoroshe, ibinyamisogwe birahinduka, kandi na poroteyine nayo irangwa. Muburyo bwo Kubyaza umusaruro Ibiribwa Byamatungo, Inyama Slurry, Molasses nibindi bintu rimwe na rimwe byongerwaho kunoza uburyohe.
Kondereti Nibikoresho Byakunze gukoreshwa Ibikoresho byo Kugaburira Pellet. Gutondekanya ibyuka nikintu cyingenzi cyane mubikorwa bya Pelleting, kandi Umubare wamazi wongeyeho Biterwa nibirimo Amazi Yuzuye Amazi Yubwoko nubwoko bwibiryo. Iyo Bitunganijwe, Birasabwa ko Umwuka Wumuyaga namazi bigira umwanya muremure wo gutura muri kondereti, kugirango Amazi Yinjire Byuzuye Mubikoresho. Niba Igihe ari gito cyane, Amazi ntashobora kwinjira mubikoresho, ariko aguma hejuru gusa muburyo bwamazi yubusa. Ntabwo Ifasha Gukora Ibikorwa Bikurikira.
Imashini ikora ifite umubare wibyiza:
Kugabanya Ubuvanganzo no Kongera Ubuzima bwo Gukanda Filime. Iyo Ubushyuhe, Amazi Ashobora Kwinjira Mubikoresho, kandi Amazi arashobora gukoreshwa nkamavuta yo kugabanya ubushyamirane buri hagati yibikoresho na firime ikanda, bityo bikagabanya igihombo cya firime ikanda kandi ikaramba mubuzima bwa serivisi.
Kunoza ubushobozi bw'umusaruro. Niba Ibirimwo biri hasi cyane mugihe cyo gukabya, Ubusabane hagati yibintu bitandukanye bizaba bikennye, kandi ubushobozi bwo gushiraho nabwo buzaba bubi. Kongera Ibirimo Ubushuhe Birashobora Kongera Muburyo Bwimbaraga Zumusaruro wa Pellets, kandi Iyo Ingaruka Neza, Ubushobozi bwumusaruro bushobora kwiyongera 30%.
Kugabanya gukoresha ingufu. Iyo Ibirimo Ubushuhe Buke, Gukoresha Imbaraga Zikururwa Ryakurikiyeho hamwe nubundi buryo bwiyongera, kandi Umubare wibikorwa urashobora kugabanuka mugihe ingano yibiryo byakozwe nyuma yo gutondeka ibyuka, bityo bikagabanya gukoresha ingufu.
Kunoza ubuziranenge bwibice. Kugenzura Ingano Yumwuka Wamazi Wongewe Ukurikije Ibikoresho Bitandukanye Bitandukanye Mugihe Cyubushuhe Birashobora Kuzamura Ubwiza bwa Granules.
Kunoza umutekano w’ibiribwa. Mugihe cyogutunganya ibyuka, Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwongewe burashobora kwica Microorganisme zitandukanye zitera ibintu bikubiye mubikoresho bitandukanye byo kugaburira no guteza imbere umutekano wibiribwa.
Ifu Zinyuranye Nyuma yo Kuringaniza zoherejwe mu buryo butaziguye mu cyumba cyo gukuramo ibicuruzwa bya Extruder, hamwe na Steam yongeyeho, Amazi, kandi Rimwe na rimwe Ifu Yuzuye Ifu Ifu ya Slurry, Inyama Slurry, nibindi byongeweho. Urugereko rwa Extrusion nigice cyibanze cya sisitemu yo gukuramo, kandi byinshi mubikorwa bya sisitemu yose byujujwe niki gice. Irimo Umuyoboro, Sleeve na Die Etc.Ibigize bizagaragaza niba Extruder izaba Umuyoboro umwe cyangwa Impanga, Niba ifite ibice bibiri bisa bizaba ari impanga ebyiri, niba ifite imwe gusa noneho izaba imwe. Extruder. Igikorwa nyamukuru cyiki gice nukuvanga no guteka ibirungo, kandi birashobora kuzuzwa amazi cyangwa gaze ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Urugereko rwa Extrusion rugabanijwemo igice cyo kugaburira, kuvanga igice nigice cyo guteka. Igice cyo Kuvanga Nukwinjira Aho Ifu Yashushe Yinjira mucyumba cya Extrusion, kandi Ubucucike bwibikoresho bito ni bike cyane muriki gihe; Iyo Umuvuduko Wimbere Wivanga Icyiciro Wiyongereye, Ubucucike Bwibikoresho Byibintu Nabwo Bwiyongera Buhoro Buhoro, Nubushyuhe Numuvuduko mubice byo guteka byiyongera cyane. Imiterere y'ibikoresho bitangiye guhinduka. Ubuvanganzo hagati yifu ninkuta ya Barrale, Umuyoboro, nifu ya Poweri igenda iba nini kandi nini, kandi ifu zitandukanye ziratekwa kandi zikuze munsi yingaruka ziterwa no guterana, gukata imbaraga no gushyushya. Ubushyuhe mucyumba cya Extrusion burashobora Gelatinize hafi ya krahisi kandi igakora byinshi muri Microorganism ya Pathogenic.
Bamwe mubakora ibiryo byamatungo Muri iki gihe bongeramo inyama muburyo bwo gukuramo, butuma inyama nshya zikoreshwa muri resept aho kuba inyama zumye wenyine. Kubera Ubushuhe Bwinshi Bwinyama Zitavuwe, Ibi Byemerera Kongera Umubare Wibikoresho Byinyamanswa Mubigaburo Byibikoresho. Kongera Ibirimo Inyama Nshya Nibura Biha Abantu Ibyiza-Byiza.
Inzira ya Extrusion ifite ibyiza byinshi:
TUbushyuhe Bwinshi Numuvuduko mwinshi Wabyaye Muburyo bwo Gukuramo Birashobora Kurandura neza;
Can Irashobora Kwiyongera Cyane Impamyabumenyi Yagutse ya Krahisi. Hano haribimenyetso byerekana ko inzira yo gukuramo ishobora gutuma Impamyabumenyi Yagutse ya Krahisi igera kuri 90%, Rero Digestibilité ya Krahisi ninyamanswa nayo iratera imbere cyane;
Prote Poroteyine Zinyuranye Mubikoresho Byibanze Byanze bikunze Kunoza Poroteyine;
Kurandura Ibintu Bitandukanye Kurwanya Imirire Mubikoresho byo Kugaburira, nka Antitrypsine Muri Soya.
Hariho Gupfa Gusohoka kwa Extruder, Kandi Iyo Ibikoresho Byakuwe Byanyuze mu Gupfa, Umubumbe waguka byihuse kubera igitonyanga gitunguranye mubushyuhe nigitutu. Muguhindura ibyobo bipfa, Abakora ibiryo byamatungo barashobora kubyara ibiryo byamatungo muburyo bwinshi, Imiterere, Amabara. Ubu bushobozi bwo guhuza mubyukuri nibyingenzi cyane nkuko isoko igenda ihinduka, ariko ntabwo byinshi bishobora guhinduka muburyo bwo guhura nimirire ikwiye yibiribwa byamatungo.
Ibicuruzwa byasunitswe byaciwe muri Granules Yuburebure Bumwe na Rotary Cutter. Cutter ifite ibikoresho 1 kugeza 6. Kugirango uhindure umuvuduko wacyo, Cutter isanzwe itwarwa na moteri nto yonyine.
Ibinure birimo ibiryo byamatungo byumye biratandukanye kuva 6% kugeza hejuru ya 25%. Nyamara, Birenzeho Ibirimo Ibinure ntibishobora kongerwaho muburyo bwo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, kubera ko Ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi muri gahunda yo gukuramo ibicuruzwa bizagira ingaruka kuri aside irike idahagije, kandi bikagira ingaruka no gusohora no kubumba ibiryo. Kubwibyo, Uburyo bwo Gusiga Ibinure Kuri Ubuso Nyuma yo Guswera Bikoreshwa Mubusanzwe Kongera Ibinure Ibicuruzwa. Ibinure bishyushye bisuka hejuru yubuso bwibiryo byuzuye byoroshye. Umubare watewe inshinge zirashobora guhindurwa muguhindura umuvuduko wumusaruro nubwiyongere bwamavuta, ariko ubu buryo bukunze kwibeshya. Vuba aha, Uburyo bwo Kugenzura bushobora Guhindura Umubare Wiyongereyeho Amavuta Yateguwe. Sisitemu irimo Sisitemu yo Kugenzura Umuvuduko na Sisitemu Yumuvuduko Wibitoro Amavuta ya pompe, Ikosa ryayo riri muri 10%. Iyo Gutera, Birasabwa ko Ibinure bigomba kugera kuri 5%, Bitabaye ibyo ntibishobora guterwa neza. Birasanzwe gutera intungamubiri za poroteyine na / cyangwa uburyohe hejuru yibiryo byamatungo kugirango hongerwe inyamanswa ibiryo (Corbin, 2000) (Nrc2006).
Nyuma yo Gukuramo no Guswera Byarangiye, Bikeneye Kuma kugirango Ukureho Amazi namazi yatewe mugihe cyo gukuramo. Mubisanzwe, Ubushuhe Mubiribwa bushobora kugera kuri 22% kugeza kuri 28% mugihe cyo gutunganya, na nyuma yo gutunganywa, bikenera gukama kugirango ubuhehere bugere 10% kugeza 12% kugirango uhuze nubuzima bwa Shelf bwibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwo Kuma Byarangiye Mubisanzwe Byuma Byuma Byuma Byuma hamwe na Cooler Yihariye Cyangwa Guhuza Kuma na Cooler. Hatabayeho Kuma neza, Ibiryo Byamatungo Byakuweho Birashobora kugenda nabi, hamwe na Microbial Blooms hamwe no gukura kwibihumyo ku kigero gitangaje. Byinshi muribi Microorganismes birashobora gutuma injangwe nimbwa zirwara, kurugero, Ndetse umubare muto wuburozi bwakozwe nububiko mu gikapu cyibiryo byimbwa birashobora kugira ingaruka ku mbwa. Igipimo gikunze gukoreshwa cyinshi cyamazi yubusa mubiribwa byamatungo nigipimo cyibikorwa byamazi, bisobanurwa nkigipimo kiringaniye cyumuvuduko wamazi waho hamwe numuvuduko wumuyaga hejuru yubuso bwibiribwa byamatungo Ubushyuhe bumwe. Muri rusange, Bagiteri nyinshi ntishobora gukura niba ibikorwa byamazi biri munsi ya 0.91. Niba ibikorwa byamazi biri munsi ya 0.80, Ibishushanyo byinshi ntibizashobora gukura nabyo.
Nibyingenzi cyane Kugenzura Ibirungo Ibicuruzwa mugihe cyo Kurya ibiryo byamatungo. Kurugero, Iyo Ubushuhe bwibicuruzwa bwumutse kuva kuri 25% kugeza 10%, 200kg yamazi agomba guhumeka kugirango atange 1000 kg yibiribwa byumye, kandi mugihe ubuhehere bwumye kuva kuri 25% kugeza 12%, Birakenewe kubyara 1000kg Ibiryo Kuma Ibiryo Byonyine Bikeneye Guhumeka 173 kg Amazi. Ibyokurya byinshi byamatungo byumye mumashanyarazi yumuzingi.
03: Ibyiza byibiryo byamatungo bikabije
Mubyongeyeho kubyiza byiza biryoshye, ibiryo byamatungo byuzuye kandi bifite urukurikirane rwibindi byiza:
TUbushyuhe Bwinshi, Umuvuduko mwinshi, Ubushuhe buhebuje hamwe ningaruka zinyuranye za mehaniki mugikorwa cyo gutekera ibiryo birashobora kongera cyane Impamyabumenyi ya Gelatinisiyasi ya krahisi mu biryo, guhakana poroteyine muri yo, no gusenya Lipase yakozwe na mikorobe itandukanye mugihe kimwe. Kora ibinure bihamye. Nibyiza kunoza igogorwa ryinyamaswa nigipimo cyo gukoresha ibiryo.
TUbushyuhe bukabije hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi wibikoresho bibisi mu rugereko rwa Extrusion birashobora kwica ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe mvaruganda ikubiye mu bikoresho bito, kugirango ibiryo bishobore guhura nibisabwa bijyanye nisuku kandi bikingire indwara zinyuranye zifata ibyokurya ziterwa no kugaburira ibiryo.
Kwivanga no guswera birashobora gutanga umusaruro wa Granular yuburyo butandukanye, nkibiryo byinjangwe birashobora gukorerwa muburyo bwamafi, ibiryo byimbwa birashobora gukorerwa muburyo buto bwamagufwa, bishobora guteza imbere ibyifuzo byamatungo yo kurya.
④ Ibyokurya byibiryo birashobora kunozwa no guswera, kandi uburyohe hamwe nimpumuro nziza yibyo kurya birashobora kongererwa imbaraga, bikaba ari ingenzi cyane cyane ku mbwa zikiri nto ninjangwe zifite ibyokurya bitaratera imbere.
WaterIbirimo Amazi Yumye Yumye ya Pellet Yagaburiwe ni 10% -12% gusa, ashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire atarinze gutera indwara.
04: Ingaruka zo Gukabya Kuri Digestibility Yintungamubiri
Uburyo bwo Gukuramo Ibiryo Byamatungo Bifite Ingaruka Zibintu Byokurya Byintungamubiri Zinyuranye, Cyane cyane Krahisi, Poroteyine, Ibinure, na Vitamine.
Ibinyamisogwe Binyuramo Gelatinisiyasi Munsi Yibikorwa Byubushyuhe Bwinshi, Umuvuduko mwinshi, nubushuhe mugihe cy'ubushyuhe no gukabya. Inzira Yihariye Nukwo Kunyunyuza Ifu Yivanze Bitangira Kuvoma Amazi hanyuma bigashonga bivuye kumyuka, kandi bigatakaza imiterere yumwimerere ya Crystal. Mugihe cyo Gukuramo, Hamwe no Kongera Kwiyongera kwubushuhe, Ubushyuhe, n Umuvuduko, Ingaruka yo Kubyimba ya Krahisi Yarushijeho kwiyongera, Kandi Kuri Bimwe Bikomeye, Granules Granles itangira gucika, kandi Muri iki gihe, ibinyamisogwe bitangira Gelatinize. Iyo Ibikoresho Byakuweho Bikuwe mu Rupfu, Kuberako Umuvuduko Uhita Ujya Kumuvuduko wa Atmospheric, Granule Granules iraturika bikabije, kandi Impamyabumenyi ya Gelatinizasi nayo yiyongera cyane. Ubushyuhe nigitutu muburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye Impamyabumenyi ya Gelatinizasi ya Krahisi. Mercier Et Al. . Muri Uru Rwego, Muri Vitro Digestibilité ya Krahisi Nyuma ya Gelatinizasiyo ishobora kugera kuri 80%. Ugereranije na Digestibility mbere yo Kwaguka (18%) Yiyongereye cyane 18%. Chiang Et Al. .
Inzira yo Kuringaniza Amashanyarazi no Gusohora Nanone Ifite Ingaruka Zingenzi Kumigirire ya Poroteyine, kandi Icyerekezo rusange ni uguhindura poroteyine mu cyerekezo gifitiye akamaro igogorwa ryinyamaswa. Munsi Yigikorwa cyo Kuringaniza Imashini hamwe nigitutu cya mashini, Poroteyine Yanze Gukora Granules, Kandi Amazi Yagabanutse. Kurwego rwa poroteyine nyinshi, niko amazi agabanuka.
Gelatinisation ya krahisi nayo ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumazi ya proteine. Gelatinize ya Krahisi ikora Imiterere ya Membrane Yizengurutse Poroteyine, iganisha ku kugabanuka kw'amazi ya poroteyine.
Poroteyine imaze kwagurwa, Imiterere yayo nayo irahinduka, kandi imiterere yayo ya kane irateshwa agaciro mu cyiciro cya gatatu cyangwa se icyiciro cya kabiri, kigabanya cyane Hydrolysis Igihe cya Poroteyine mugihe cyo kurya. Nyamara, Acide Glutamic cyangwa Acide Aspartic Imbere muri Poroteyine izakorana na Lysine, igabanya igipimo cyo gukoresha Lysine. Imyitwarire ya Maillard Hagati ya ε-Amino Itsinda rya Amino Acide na Sukari ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru Nanone bigabanya igogorwa rya poroteyine. Ibintu birwanya imirire mubikoresho bibisi, nka Antitrypsin, nabyo birasenywa iyo bishyushye, bitezimbere igogorwa rya poroteyine ninyamaswa ziva mubindi bice.
Mugihe Cyibikorwa Byose, Umusemburo wa Proteine mubiryo ntushobora guhinduka, kandi imbaraga za aside amine ntizihinduka kuburyo bugaragara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-02-2023